UCL researchers found smacking children offers no benefit and is linked to lower GCSE scores, challenging belief corporal punishment improves outcomes.

Researchers at University College London found that smacking children provides no benefit and is linked to lower GCSE results.

The study examined the relationship between physical discipline and exam outcomes among school‑aged children. Analysis showed that pupils who experienced smacking performed worse on their General Certificate of Secondary Education exams than peers who did not.

Authors of the research said the findings challenge the notion that corporal punishment can improve behaviour or academic achievement. They highlighted that the negative impact on grades adds to a growing body of evidence about the harms of physical discipline.

Education officials responded by urging schools and parents to adopt non‑violent approaches to behaviour management. A senior adviser at the Department for Education said the report reinforces existing guidance that discourages physical punishment in homes and classrooms.

Child‑welfare charities welcomed the study, calling for clearer messaging to parents about the risks of smacking. They argued that the evidence should inform policy reviews and support programmes that teach alternative discipline strategies.

Implications for policy

The research arrives as the government reviews child‑protection legislation. Lawmakers may use the data to strengthen recommendations against corporal punishment and to promote training for parents on positive discipline.

Next steps

Researchers plan to publish a detailed report later this year, outlining the methodology and suggesting avenues for further investigation. In the meantime, they advise families to consider evidence‑based techniques that foster cooperation without physical force.